Ultrasound-assisted finishing of cellulosic textiles with silver/PVP nanoparticles: Effects of autoclave sterilization on antibacterial performance, nanoparticle release, and cytocompatibility
Abstract
The growing clinical demand for antimicrobial textiles requires ensuring that their performance remains stable after sterilization, a critical condition for medical-grade materials. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are widely used for their antimicrobial properties. However, autoclave sterilization can induce morphological and physicochemical changes due to wet steam and high-pressure conditions, potentially compromising their antibacterial performance. The specific behavior of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-stabilized Ag NPs immobilized on cellulosic fibers under clinically relevant sterilization conditions remains poorly understood. This study evaluated the antibacterial performance of Ag/PVP-coated cotton gauzes subjected to a standard clinical sterilization protocol consisting of autoclaving at 121 ℃ for 35 min followed by dry heating. The non-woven cotton gauzes were in situ impregnated with Ag/PVP nanoparticles under different synthesis conditions, with varying impregnation time and substrate alkalinity, with an emphasis on sonication as the dispersion method. The textiles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while colloidal solutions were analyzed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). Water absorption, water vapor permeability, and tensile properties were also evaluated. Quantitative evaluation of the antimicrobial effect of…
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