Proton pump inhibitors use and risk of chronic kidney disease: Evidence-based meta-analysis of observational studies
Abstract
Introduction Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the widely used drugs available as over the counter for treatment of acid-related gastrointestinal disorders. Concerns have been raised about the risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) with the prolonged use of PPIs. This meta-analysis aims to determine the association between PPI use and risk of developing CKD. Methods The methodology complies with our registered protocol at PROSPERO (CRD42016040073). PubMed and Embase were searched from inception to 27th September 2017. Two reviewers independently screened and selected the observational studies comparing CKD outcome in patients on PPI. The quality of selected studies was assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis were also performed. All the analysis was performed by using RevMan v5.3. Results The 6 included studies comprised of 4 cohorts and 2 case-control studies with 720758 patients from cohort and 84078 patients from the case-control study. All the studies were of highest quality. Overall pooled relative risk (RR) of developing CKD was 1.32(95% CI 1.19 to 1.46), ( p -value=<0.00001) and for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) RR was 1.88 (95% CI: 1.71 to 2.07), ( p =<0.00001) in patients receiving PPI. The higher incidence of CKD was seen in diabetic patients taking PPI with RR of 1.82 (95% CI 1.22 to 1.72), (p-value=0.004). Conclusion An association between proton pump inhibitor use and risk of developing chronic kidney disease and…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 720,758 participants or records.
Read the paper
Related studies
- Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
- Tocilizumab in patients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study
- A new aging measure captures morbidity and mortality risk across diverse subpopulations from NHANES IV: A cohort study
- Fruit, vegetable, and legume intake, and cardiovascular disease and deaths in 18 countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study
- Are noise and air pollution related to the incidence of dementia? A cohort study in London, England
- Long COVID symptoms and duration in SARS-CoV-2 positive children — a nationwide cohort study
Go deeper in Evidence Hub
Evidence Hub adds a study data sheet (design, sample size, evidence level, key numbers), an AI summary and a chat grounded in the paper's text.