Clinicopathologic and gastrointestinal effects of administration of prednisone, prednisone with omeprazole, or prednisone with probiotics to dogs: A double-blind randomized trial
Abstract
Abstract Background The efffect of administering of probiotics or twice-daily omeprazole on glucocorticoid-induced gastric bleeding in dogs is unknown. Hypothesis Compare gastrointestinal bleeding among dogs administered placebo, prednisone (2 mg/kg q24h), prednisone with omeprazole (1 mg/kg q12h), or prednisone with probiotics (Visbiome, 11.2-22.5 billion CFU/kg q24h) for 28 days. Animals Twenty-four healthy research dogs. Methods Double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized trial. Clinical signs and endoscopic gastrointestinal mucosal lesion scores at baseline (t1), day 14 (t2), and day 28 (t3) were compared using split-plot repeated-measures mixed-model ANOVAs. Results Fecal score differed by treatment-by-time (F[6,40] = 2.65, P < .03), with higher scores in groups receiving prednisone at t3 than t1. Nineteen of thirty-three episodes of diarrhea occurred in the prednisone with omeprazole group. Gastric mucosal lesion scores differed by treatment-by-time (F[6,60] = 2.86, P = .05), among treatment groups (F[3,60] = 4.9, P = .004), and over time (F[2,60] = 16.5, P < .001). Post hoc analysis revealed lesion scores increased over time for all groups receiving prednisone. At t3, scores for the prednisone (8.7 ± 4.9) and prednisone with probiotics (8.7 ± 4.9) groups differed significantly from placebo (1.8 ± 1.8; P ≤ .04), whereas scores for the prednisone with omeprazole (6.5 ± 5.5) group did not differ from placebo (P = .7). Ulcers occurred only in dogs receiving prednisone.…
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