Safety and Efficacy of Therapeutic Agents in Viral Pneumonia in Immunosuppressed Patients
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE
Immunosuppressed Patients (ISP) - defined by congenital or acquired deficiencies in systemic defense mechanisms - are disproportionately susceptible to viral respiratory infections. Agents such as SARS-CoV-2, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), influenza A and B, and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) cause significant morbidity in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed individuals. Clinical manifestations range from mild influenza-like illness to severe pneumonia, respiratory failure, multiorgan dysfunction, and concurrent bacterial infections.
METHODS
A narrative synthesis of the literature was performed using Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus using relevant keywords ("immunosuppressed patients", "pneumonia", "lung infection", "antiviral", "cytomegalovirus", "influenza", "RSV") for publications between January 2000 and March 2026. Where available, Cochrane systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and high-quality randomised controlled trials were given precedence in the narrative synthesis; systematic review and meta-analytic procedures, including PRISMA guidelines, were not applied. Case reports, editorials, and opinion articles were excluded, other than a small number of case series describing rare therapeutic strategies for which no higher-level evidence was available. Evidence was collated narratively and presented in tabular format.
RESULTS
Although numerous antiviral compounds have been developed and studied, the optimal agent for managing severe…
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