Sedative and cardiopulmonary effects of medetomidine and butorphanol, with or without vatinoxan, in puppies - randomised, blinded clinical trial
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To explore efficacy and cardiopulmonary effects of medetomidine and butorphanol, with or without vatinoxan, in healthy puppies.
STUDY DESIGN
Randomised, blinded clinical trial.
ANIMALS
A group of healthy client-owned puppies aged between 42 and 51 days scheduled for elective brainstem auditory-evoked response (BAER) testing.
METHODS
Puppies were randomised within each litter to the following two groups: MB (n = 16; medetomidine hydrochloride 10 μg kg-1 and butorphanol 0.2 mg kg-1) or MVB (n = 16; medetomidine hydrochloride 10 μg kg-1, vatinoxan hydrochloride 0.2 mg kg-1, and butorphanol 0.2 mg kg-1). Drugs were injected intramuscularly. Pulse rate (PR), arterial blood haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were measured noninvasively every 5 minutes. Sedation depth was assessed with a multidimensional scoring system. Following BAER testing, sedation was reversed with intramuscular atipamezole hydrochloride 25 μg kg-1. Linear mixed models were created to investigate the effects of time and treatment group on PR and MAP.
RESULTS
All puppies were sufficiently sedated for BAER testing within 5 minutes after treatment. PR was significantly higher and MAP significantly lower with MVB than with MB 5 to 15 minutes after drug injection (p ≤ 0.001). PR nadir was detected at 5 minutes after both treatments (109 ± 15 beats minute-1 and 142 ± 28 beats minute-1 with MB and MVB, respectively). No hypotension (MAP < 60 mmHg) was detected in any…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a randomized trial, done in people. Its evidence level is 3 of 5 (Moderate · trial / cohort / secondary analysis). Trials without a large randomized design, cohorts and secondary analyses give moderate evidence. Reported size: 16 participants or records.
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