An investigation of the anti-hyperglycaemic, biochemical and molecular effects of 4-hydroxyisoleucine and fenugreek seed extract in comparison to metformin in vitro and in vivo
Abstract
Type two diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a significant cause of premature death and disability, accompanied with negative socio-economic impacts. This metabolic disorder is characterized by hyperglycaemia and defective insulin signalling. Long-term exposure to hyperglycaemia gives rise to altered fat metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. These precursors are central to the progression of dyslipidaemia and attenuated antioxidant (AO) response and detoxification system, respectively. Diabetic dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress (OS) are risk factors for the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other diabetic complications. The treatment regimen for T2D comprises self-care and anti-diabetic drugs such as metformin. However, due to the lack of compliance to self-care recommendations and some undesirable side effects of metformin, there is the necessity for alternate therapy. Natural products have been used for the treatment of many disorders, including T2D. Trigonella foenum-graecum commonly known as fenugreek is a plant that possesses anti-diabetic effects. These effects are attributed to its bioactive compound – 4-hydroxyisoleucine (4-OH-lle), which constitutes approximately 80% of the bio-composition of the fenugreek seed. Despite these effects, biochemical and molecular effects of 4-OH-lle on insulin signalling, lipid metabolism, and ROS production is not well-documented. This study investigated the effects of 4-OH-lle in comparison to…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a thesis, done in animal and cell cultures (in vitro), not in people. Its evidence level is 5 of 5 (Very low · case / narrative / animal / in vitro / in silico). Case reports, narrative reviews, and animal, cell or computer-model studies give the weakest evidence for human health.
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