A neurocutaneous NaV1.8 channelopathy underlies a genetic subtype of primary idiopathic hyperhidrosis
Abstract
Primary idiopathic hyperhidrosis (PIH) is a poorly understood disorder characterized by excessive sweating. We identify a genetically defined subset of PIH associated with rare coding changes in voltage-gated Na+ (NaV) channels. Whole-exome sequencing of hereditary PIH families revealed gene-level enrichment within the NaV channel family, with SCN10A (NaV1.8) most strongly implicated. A knock-in mouse carrying the clinically observed NaV1.8p.R14L substitution recapitulated excessive sweating. NaV1.8 was detected in a subset of postganglionic neurons in thoracic sympathetic ganglia in humans and mice, where p.R14L produced a gain-of-function profile that enhanced cholinergic responsiveness. Excessive sweating in mutant mice was reversible with NaV channel inhibition, including clinically used agents and a NaV1.8-preferential compound. Together, these findings define a targetable neurocutaneous channelopathy underlying a subset of PIH and support a model in which excessive sweating arises from either gland-intrinsic dysfunction or altered sympathetic drive, motivating stratified therapeutic approaches.
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