Dermatologic adverse reactions to proton-pump inhibitors: A synthetized review
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the most prescribed drugs. Their dermatological adverse reactions are multiple and vary in severity.
AIMS: This review discusses all reported cutaneous side effects of PPIs in order to help physicians understand them and provide appropriate management.
METHODS: A thorough search of PubMed, Embase, and FDAAQ8 drugs websites was conducted. 56 articles including case reports, case series, and review articles of PPI-induced cutaneous adverse reactions were selected. Data were recorded regarding patient age, gender, history, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, management, and clinical outcomes.
RESULTS: PPI-induced adverse skin reactions are mostly immunological and include both immediate and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. These reactions are sometimes life-threatening. All PPIs can induce immediate IgE-mediated reactions. Most of previously published cases of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions have involved esomeprazole, omeprazole, and lansoprazole. Skin tests are helpful in confirming PPI-induced hypersensitivity reactions and diagnosing potential cross-reactivities. PPIs should also be added to our list of usual suspects when considering possible culprits for a new presentation of drug-induced subacute lupus erythematosus. PPI-related occupational contact dermatitis has also been numerously reported.
CONCLUSION: PPIs should be considered in our list of culprits when considering a patient with a…
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