Electrophilic and Drug-Induced Stimulation of NOTCH3 N-terminal Fragment Oligomerization in Cerebrovascular Pathology
Abstract
Small vessel disease is a prevalent age-related condition linked to increased risk of dementia and stroke. We investigate the most commonly inherited form, CADASIL, caused by cysteine-involving mutations in NOTCH3. Recent studies highlight accumulation of NOTCH3 N-terminal fragmentation product (NTF) in disease. In vitro, NTF is capable of both spontaneous and catecholamine-enhanced cysteine-mediated oligomerization. Despite well-characterized genetic influence on CADASIL, environmental effects, including medication usage, on disease remain unclear. We studied effects of assorted electrophilic compounds and drugs on NTF oligomerization by SDS-PAGE and dynamic light scattering. We then examined direct proton pump inhibitor-NTF binding with antibodies designed against proton pump inhibitor-labeled proteins and mass spectrometry. Finally, we used monoclonal NTF antibodies with Proximity Ligation Assay to identify NTF oligomers in 3 CADASIL and 2 age-matched control brains. We identified enhancement of NTF oligomerization by two electrophilic cysteine-modifying compounds, N-ethylmaleimide and iodoacetamide, and an electrophilic compound capable of oxidizing cysteines, ferric chloride. Electrophilic clinical drugs (fenoldopam, omeprazole, tenatoprazole, lansoprazole, and rabeprazole) also promoted oligomerization, and we identified direct omeprazole-NTF and tenatoprazole-NTF complexes. Additionally, we provide novel evidence of NTF multimers in human CADASIL brains. A broad array…
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