Evaluating the Efficacy of Thymus vulgaris L. from the Garmian Region: Chemical Composition and Clinical Application for Gastric Bacterial Infections
Abstract
Thymus vulgaris L. (thyme) is being studied as a potential adjunct therapy for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections. H. pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium associated with peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. Alternative treatment options are needed due to declining efficacy of conventional antibiotics. Bioactive compounds in thyme, such as p-cymene, carvacrol, and thymol, exhibit strong antimicrobial activity and have been widely used in traditional medicine. A three-week clinical trial involving 48 patients with infections compared thyme extract to a standard triple therapy (Pylokit: tinidazole, clarithromycin, and lansoprazole). The thyme extract significantly reduced bacterial load, with an average drop of 5.14 units by week three. This demonstrates greater efficacy than the chemical treatment and showed no adverse effects. Chemical tests with GC-MS showed thymol (59.99%) as the predominant antimicrobial constituent, followed by carvacrol and p-cymene. These findings suggest that thyme may represent a safe, natural, and effective therapeutic option against H. pylori, warranting further large-scale clinical investigations.
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