Extended Reality in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Extended reality (XR) augmentation has emerged as a potential tool to enhance operative performance during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This study evaluates the pooled effect of XR augmentation on surgical precision and performance during laparoscopic cholecystectomy through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library for clinical trials evaluating augmented reality in laparoscopic cholecystectomy between 2019 and 2023. Retrieved articles were imported into Mendeley for duplicate removal. Title, abstract, and full-text screening were performed manually using a standardized Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. Two authors independently screened all articles; discrepancies were resolved by a third. Data extraction was also conducted independently by two authors and verified by a third. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. A random-effects model was used to pool mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS: Five studies, representing four unique randomized controlled trials and involving 158 surgeons, were included. Compared to control techniques, XR-assisted laparoscopic cholecystectomy significantly improved the mean Global Objective Structured Assessments of Technical Skills score (MD,…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid.
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