Evaluating a Chatbot as a Companion for Patients With Breast Cancer: Collaborative Pilot Study
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Patients with breast cancer frequently experience significant uncertainty, prompting them to seek detailed, personalized, and reliable medical information to enhance adherence to prescribed treatments, medications, and recommended lifestyle adjustments. Although high-quality information exists within oncology guidelines and patient-oriented resources, the provision of tailored responses to individual patient queries remains challenging, especially for non-English-speaking populations.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the potential of an artificial intelligence-driven chatbot, specifically leveraging ChatGPT (GPT-4; OpenAI) combined with retrieval-augmented generation, to deliver personalized answers to complex breast cancer-related patient questions in German.
METHODS: We collaborated with one of Germany's largest breast cancer Patient Representation Groups to collect authentic patient inquiries, receiving a total of 118 questions. After initial screening, we selected 104 medical questions, organized into 7 distinct categories: aftercare, bone health, ductal carcinoma in situ, diagnostics, nutrition and supplements, complementary medicine, and therapy. A customized version of GPT-4 was configured with specific system prompts emphasizing empathetic, evidence-based responses and integrated with a comprehensive database comprising guidelines, recommendations, and patient information materials published by recognized German medical societies. To assess chatbot…
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