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Comparison of Graph Databases and Relational Databases in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) Bots

Benjam Alander

Theseus (Ammattikorkeakoulujen), 2026

Abstract

This thesis evaluates the performance of graph and relational databases as retrieval backends in production-grade Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) chatbot systems. The study examines how database architecture affects retrieval performance in conversational AI systems and how database design choices influence retrieval speed and long-term system behavior under realistic workload conditions.

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