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A Comparative Analysis of Text-to-Image Generation Models: Diffusion and Autoencoder Approaches

Sumedha Arya

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 2026

Abstract

Text-to-image generation is a technique of creating images based on text descriptions. Recently, so many research

publications has been done in this area, showing its popularity. In this work, we reviewed various autoregressive models, nonautoregressive models, GANs, energy-based models, multimodal methods and diffusion models used for text to image generation

tasks. We also discuss important techniques commonly used in these models, such as autoencoders, attention mechanisms, and

classifier-free guidance. For application, we performed a comparative analysis of diffusion and autoencoder models for text to

image generation tasks taking Flowers-HD5 dataset. The results shows that the autoencoder achieves rapid convergence and

significantly lower reconstruction loss (~0.01 range), producing sharp and faithful results. While the diffusion model, despite

higher loss (~0.1–0.25), generates images with greater diversity

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