Compartmental modeling for blood flow quantification from dynamic 15 O-water PET images of humans: a systematic review
Abstract
Dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) can be used to non-invasively estimate the blood flow of different organs via compartmental modeling. Out of different PET tracers, water labeled with the radioactive 15 O isotope of oxygen (half-life of 2.04 min) is freely diffusable, and therefore, very well-suited for blood flow quantification. While the earlier 15 O-water PET research has primarily focused on cerebral or myocardial blood flow quantification, the recent emergence of total-body PET scanners has enabled greater application possibilities for both PET imaging in general and also 15 O-water PET based blood flow quantification in particular. However, to validate new methods, it is necessary to compare them to earlier research. To help in this process, we systematically review 53 articles quantifying blood flow via compartmental modeling. We introduce the articles organized within subcategories of cerebral, myocardial, renal, pulmonary, pancreatic, hepatic, muscle, and tumor blood flow and summarize their results so that they can easily be evaluated in terms of population characteristics of the patients such as age or sex ratio and their potential diagnoses. We compare how both the compartment model used and the potential corrections for arterial blood volume, non-perfusable tissue, spill-over from the heart cavities, and time delay caused while the tracer travels between different areas of interest are generally implemented in the articles. We also analyze the…
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