Non-invasive detection and monitoring of oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders: an umbrella review on diagnostic accuracy
Abstract
Objectives: Various non-invasive diagnostic techniques have been developed and assessed to improve early detection and monitoring of oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders. However, a clear overview of the diagnostic performance and their ability to detect clinically relevant changes, is lacking. This study evaluated clinically tested, non-invasive techniques for early detection and monitoring of oral squamous cell carcinoma and potentially malignant disorders, focusing on diagnostic accuracy.
Methods: After a structured search strategy and critical selection of all relevant systematic reviews, data was extracted from 57 reviews in total, of which 29 were included for qualitative analysis, 20 for meta-analysis and eight for both qualitative and meta-analysis.
Results: Among nine techniques that are available in practice, optical coherence tomography, spectroscopy, and cytology with oral brushes demonstrated the highest effectiveness. Optical coherence tomography demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy, with a sensitivity and specificity estimated at 0.91 and a diagnostic odds ratio of 108.5. Furthermore, when combined with artificial intelligence, diagnostic accuracy is even further improved.
Conclusions: Most studies evaluating diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive diagnostic tests for potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma grouped these conditions together without stratifying by lesion type. Therefore, no firm…
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