ManipFace-XAI: A Synthetic Manipulated Face Dataset for Explainable Deepfake Analysis
Abstract
This dataset contains the generated fake face image subset created to support the development and evaluation of hierarchical deepfake detection models, where the first stage performs real/fake classification and the second stage performs fake-type attribution. The released subset includes only fake face images generated using three manipulation or synthesis approaches: diffusion-based generation, SimSwap face swapping, and StyleGAN2 synthetic face generation. The original experimental dataset also included real face images, but these images are not redistributed in this Zenodo record. In addition, direct references to the original real image paths or source images were removed from the released metadata. The dataset combines fake images with different provenance. The diffusion and SimSwap subsets were created using images derived from an initial real/fake face dataset used in the experimental pipeline. This original dataset was based on the Deepfake and Real Images Dataset available on Kaggle and is associated with the OpenForensics dataset introduced by Le et al. (2021). By contrast, the StyleGAN2 subset contains fully synthetic faces generated independently from random seeds using a pretrained StyleGAN2 model, and therefore was not derived from the original real-image dataset. The final released fake subset contains 72,335 images, distributed as follows: Diffusion: 26,023 images SimSwap: 20,289 images StyleGAN2: 26,023 images The dataset is accompanied by a sanitized…
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