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Application of counterfactual reasoning in multi-modal dialogue generation

Liyu Jia

2025

Abstract

Recent advancements in diffusion models have significantly improved text-to-image generation, enabling the synthesis of highly realistic images. However, existing text-to-image diffusion models still frequently struggle to accurately interpret and follow complex textual prompts. Rather than solely relying on enhancing diffusion models' textual understanding capabilities, it is more efficient to provide these models with refined, structured inputs. This motivates the integration of large language models (LLMs) into multimodal dialogue-based image generation. Pre-trained LLMs excel at accurately comprehending textual prompts, and compared to the conventional single-round generation by diffusion models, a multi-round conversational approach enables users to better achieve their desired outcomes. Inspired by the concept of counterfactual reasoning, this study systematically explores methods to reduce misleading information from user instructions and mitigate linguistic biases in the image generation process. To this end, we propose Counterfactual Multimodal Dialogue system based on Diffusion model (CMDD), a novel multimodal dialogue framework grounded in the principles of counterfactual reasoning. The proposed method does not require any additional parameter tuning or model optimization, yet significantly enhances the accuracy of generated images compared to baseline diffusion models.

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