Editorial for “Diffusion‐Weighted Imaging of the Abdomen: Correction for Gradient Nonlinearity Bias in Apparent Diffusion Coefficient”
Abstract
Editorial for “Diffusion-Weighted Imaging of the Abdomen: Correction for Gradient Nonlinearity Bias in Apparent Diffusion Coefficient” In the work of Ma et al, 1 an empirical but relatively easyperformed procedure was introduced to correct the bias in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements due to the nonlinearity of magnetic field gradients. Magnetic field gradients are essential in MRI for spatial encoding and for advanced MRI techniques such as angiography, perfusion, and diffusion imaging. However, the gradient field generated by gradient coils is inherently nonlinear as shown by the Maxwell equation. In addition, variation of gradient system designs among MRI vendors and scanner models can lead to poor inter-scanner reproducibility. Gradient linearity issues are often subtle and can create problematic amounts of spatial distortion artifacts that are usually addressed with manufacturer-supplied software or identified during routine image interpretation. However, small linearity distortions can become vital for the safety of MRI interventional procedures such as precise placements of deep brain stimulators. For diffusion MRI (dMRI), the diffusion encoding exhibits quadratic growth when diffusion gradients are applied. Thus, errors caused by gradient deformation are magnified quadratically. This gradient distortion can lead to inaccuracy of diffusion encoding in both directions and magnitudes. Even in a uniform phantom, spatially varying diffusivity can be…
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