Editorial for “Evaluation of the Effects of Anti‐PD‐1 Therapy on Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer in Mice by Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging and Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced Imaging”
Abstract
Editorial for “Evaluation of the Effects of Anti-PD-1 Therapy on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Mice by Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Imaging” Triple-negative is one of four molecular subtypes of breast cancer (TNBC) that lacks the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). In turn, TNBC patients cannot benefit from neither endocrine therapy nor monoclonal anti-HER2 antibody. TNBCs tend to be larger and of higher grade, in addition to being more likely to metastasize to viscera, as compared with the other subtypes. Characteristically, TNBCs usually display specific features on MRI, including rim enhancement, which indicate their accelerated growth rate and eventual core necrosis. Ultimately, the biological aggressiveness of TNBCs results in a sharp decrease in survival during the initial years after diagnosis. In the past decade, the introduction of several immunecheckpoint blockade antibodies, such as anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1), have completely revolutionized the field of oncology. These immune-checkpoint modulators offer an unprecedented hope for a cure for metastatic cancer patients with terminal disease, who were otherwise resistant to all treatment lines. Indeed, the advent of the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) era has created new therapeutic possibilities for dismal malignancies, including TNBC. Yet, the unique mechanism of action in which…
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