Photoacoustics special issue ‘Photoacoustic image reconstruction: Theory and practice’
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging is a coupled-physics imaging modality that exploits the spatially-varying optical absorption within biological tissue for contrast [1–3]. When biological tissue is illuminated by a short pulse of light, the light is scattered and eventually absorbed by light-absorbing molecules, chromophores, each type of which will have a characteristic optical absorption spectrum. The absorbed energy is typically thermalised, generating increases in pressure in regions of high optical absorption (often blood vessels). This excess pressure is known as the initial acoustic pressure distribution and it acts as a pulsed, distributed, acoustic source. This optically-generated acoustic pulse travels through the tissue and can be detected at the tissue surface: this is the data that is used to generate photoacoustic images. Many different arrangements of acoustic sensors have been proposed for photoacoustic imaging, but two broad categories are worth highlighting here. When the measurements are made with an array, or synthesised array, of sensors that are sensitive to waves incident from a wide range of angles, and a numerical algorithm must be used to generate the photoacoustic image, this is known as photoacoustic tomography (PAT). When the measurements are made with a sensor that is focussed along a line (albeit imperfectly) such that the measured time series can be used directly to form an image, this is known as photoacoustic microscopy [4] (PAM). (When the light is…
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