Ciprofloxacin and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Resistance among Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infections- A Survey from Pakistan
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole are the choice drugs for treating urinary tract infections (UTI). Since these two drugs are so frequently used, their overuse has produced generations of resistance bacteria. Antibiotic resistance is an evolutionary process and directly linked to the exposure of bacteria to antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to survey bacterial resistance to these drugs among clinical isolates recovered from urine samples. Seventy three isolates of bacteria were collected from urine samples within a six months period from March to September 2013, in random visits to Microbiology Laboratory, Pakistan Railway General Hospital, Rawalpindi. Bacteria were identified on standard biochemical tests, resistance pattern was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion methods and interpretation was done according to CLSI guidelines. Most of the bacteria identified were Escherichia coli (n=36) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=17), Proteus vulgaris (n=9), Enterobacter aerogenes (n=7), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=4). Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance in E. coli was (94%), K. pneumoniae (88%), P. vulgaris (100%), E. aerogenes (60%) and P. aeruginosa (100%). Ciprofloxacin resistance found among E. coli was (89%), K. pneumoniae (71%), P. vulgaris (40%), E. aerogenes (100%), P. aeruginosa (100%). This overwhelming level of resistance is extremely alarming because these are the primary drugs administered for controlling urinary tract infections…
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