Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Campylobacter spp. Causing human gastroenteritis in Iran (2000-2025): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Aim: Campylobacteriosis is a major cause of gastroenteritis globally, but comprehensive data on its prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns in Iran are limited. This study aimed to estimate the national prevalence of Campylobacter-associated gastroenteritis in Iran, analyze temporal trends in infection rates, and characterize antibiotic resistance patterns among circulating Campylobacter spp. over the past two decades.
Methods: In accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic search was performed across the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC), Scientific Information Database (SID), and Magiran databases for studies published from 2000 to 2025. Eligible studies were assessed based on predefined inclusion criteria, followed by both qualitative and quantitative analyses of the selected studies. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist, and data analysis was conducted utilizing the R statistical programming language along with the 'meta' package. A random-effects model was applied to calculate the pooled prevalence, while heterogeneity was measured using the I² statistic and a prediction interval.
Results: A total of 46 studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis using a random-effects model revealed an overall pooled prevalence of 8.0% (95% CI: 6.0-10.0%), with substantial…
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