Enoxacin: a new fluoroquinolone
Abstract
The chemistry, mechanisms of action and resistance, pharmacokinetics, antimicrobial spectrum, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and drug interactions of enoxacin are reviewed. Enoxacin is a new fluoroquinolone compound structurally related to nalidixic acid. Its antimicrobial spectrum and activity are comparable to those of the fluoroquinolones norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. It has a broad spectrum of activity against gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms, but like the other fluoroquinolones it is less active against gram-positive micro-organisms. Anaerobic organisms are generally resistant to enoxacin. It is rapidly and nearly completely absorbed after oral administration and is distributed widely in body fluids and tissues. The drug is predominantly excreted via the kidney, with a relatively long serum elimination half-life of approximately five hours. Serum and urinary concentration of enoxacin exceed the minimum inhibitory concentrations for most gram-negative and many gram-positive pathogens. Clinical trials have shown enoxacin to be effective for the treatment of gonorrhea, cystitis, complicated urinary-tract infections, and skin and skin structure infections. There is some evidence that enoxacin may be useful for treatment of lower-respiratory-tract infections and ear, nose, and throat infections. The most commonly reported adverse effects are mild gastrointestinal and central nervous system symptoms. Concomitant enoxacin and theophylline therapy has been…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a clinical trial, done in people. Its evidence level is 3 of 5 (Moderate · trial / cohort / secondary analysis). Trials without a large randomized design, cohorts and secondary analyses give moderate evidence.
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