Predictors of Culture-Positive Urinary Tract Infections and Antibiotic Resistance among Pregnant Females in Al-Hilla City: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a frequent health problem in women. Patients often present with significant pyuria, and sometimes with no bacterial growth. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations between demographic, clinical, and behavioral factors and urine culture findings and to analyze the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the isolated uropathogens. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among pregnant women presenting with elevated pus cells (> 20 cells/HPF). Data on demographic characteristics, pregnancy complications, and hygiene habits were analyzed. Urine culture and comparative antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed for the isolated pathogens (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus). Statistical analysis: Pearson Chi-square test (p 0.05). Cultural positivity was most common in the age group of 20–24 years, 42.0%. However, clinical complications were strongly associated with positive cultures (pyelonephritis 90.9%; p = 0.0001 and infectious fever 81.8%; p = 0.004), and these relationships were highly significant. Also important were behavioral factors, with wearing the same underwear for long periods (1–3 times/week) and having intercourse very frequently (> 2 times/week), both significantly associated with a positive culture (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.002, respectively). Microbiologically, S. aureus (n = 36) and E. coli (n = 52) were universally resistant to penicillin (97.2% and 98.1% respectively; p = 0.791).…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 52 participants or records.
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