Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Enterococci Isolated From Humans, Animals, and Environment in Bangladesh: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
Background: Enterococci are important opportunistic pathogens responsible for a wide range of infections in humans and animals. Their ability to acquire and disseminate antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a growing public health concern. This study is aimed at estimating the pooled prevalence of enterococci and their AMR profiles among isolates from humans, animals, and environmental sources in Bangladesh.
Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, Google Scholar, and CAB Abstracts in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies published between January 2016 and November 2025 that reported the prevalence and/or AMR patterns of enterococci in Bangladesh were eligible for inclusion. A total of 36 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using random-effects meta-analysis, with heterogeneity assessed via Cochran's Q and the I 2 statistic; AMR proportions were estimated using the Wilson method, and publication bias was evaluated using Egger's test and funnel plots.
Results: The pooled prevalence of enterococci was estimated at 12.05% (95% CI: 7.10-19.70), with substantial heterogeneity (I 2 = 99.4%). Among eight identified Enterococcus spp., Enterococcus faecalis was the most prevalent (25.1%; 95% CI: 20.9-29.2), followed by Enterococcus faecium (6.3%; 95% CI: 4.6-7.9). High resistance rates were observed…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid.
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