Prevalence and Contributing Factors of Urinary Tract Infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients: A Systematic Review
Abstract
infection in the kidney parenchyma to the bladder with a significant quantity of bacteriuria. 1 Bacterial growth of >100,000 colony units per mL of fresh morning midstream urine is used as a diagnostic limitation for UTI. 2 The most common causes of UTIs are gram-negative bacteria, including bacteria that normally inhabit the intestines and will ascend to the urinary system, including Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., Klebsiella, and Enterobacter.3 Besides the various microbial causes of UTIs, there are numerous risk factors that lead to an increase in the rate of UTIs.The most commonly identified risk factors are previous antibiotic use and the use of catheterization.4 Risk factors for UTI in previous antibiotic use were due to resistance to various antibiotic drugs (sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim) and IntroductIonHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a kind of virus attacking the body's immune system, which makes the body vulnerable to various illnesses such as tuberculosis (TB), toxoplasmosis, other (syphilis, varicella-zoster, parvovirus B19), rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus (TORCH), and others.Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a term used to describe the loss of cell-mediated immunity that occurs during the last stage of HIV infection.AIDS is a retrovirus disease caused by HIV characterized by a decrease in immune system, especially attacks T lymphocytes, and a decrease in the number of cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4), which is responsible…
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