Antimicrobial stewardship interventions in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region Countries: a scoping review of clinical, economic, and consumption outcomes
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) interventions are designed to optimize antimicrobial use, reduce adverse effects, and address antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In WHO Eastern Mediterranean Office (EMRO) countries, these efforts are important due to high antibiotic use, evolving resistance patterns, and developing regulatory frameworks.
Objectives: This scoping review evaluates ASP interventions in EMRO countries by systematically mapping their strategies, clinical, economic, and consumption outcomes, as well as identifying their barriers/limitations to effective implementation.
Methods: This scoping review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. A systematic literature search was performed without a time limitation to the end of December 2024 across four major databases-PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus-to identify relevant peer-reviewed studies. The search was limited to English-language publications originating from EMRO countries. Eligible studies were required to evaluate ASP interventions and report comparative pre- and post-intervention outcomes. Eligible studies involved healthcare workers or patients. A qualitative color intensity classification system was applied within a thematic matrix to visually represent the relative impact of antimicrobial stewardship interventions. Intensity levels (Dark, Medium, Light) reflected the clinical and…
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