Antibiotic Resistance in Urinary Tract Infections: Current Issues and Future Solutions
Abstract
Introduction 1.1 Incidence and costsUTIs are a major source of morbidity and associated healthcare costs in the United States (US).Community-acquired UTIs largely affect women of reproductive age, with 11% of women experiencing infections each year, one-third of women having an infection by the age of 26, and 60% experiencing at least one infection during their lifetime (Foxman et al., 2000).In 1997, the last year for which epidemiological data is available, these infections resulted in 7 million physician office visits and 1 million emergency room visits (Foxman, 2002).Treatment of these infections cost $1.6 billion in 1995 (Foxman et al., 2000), which is the equivalent of $2.2 billion in inflation-adjusted 2009 dollars.UTIs are also a major health problem for hospitalized patients, especially those undergoing long-term catheterization.Catheter-associated UTIs account for >40% of nosocomial infections, with over 1 million cases per year at a cost of $451 million (Jacobsen et al., 2008). DiagnosisUTIs are defined clinically by the presence of a significant level of bacteria in the urine (i.e.bacteriuria).Guidelines vary, but typically a pure culture of between 10 4 -10 6 colony forming units (CFUs)/milliliter (mL) of urine is indicative of a UTI.Patient symptoms are painful, urgent and frequent urination, along with malodorous and/or cloudy urine.Signs of infection include the presence of blood (hematuria) or white blood cells (pyuria) in urine.UTIs comprise a spectrum of…
Read the paper
Related studies
- Association of lower urinary tract symptoms and OAB severity with quality of life and mental health in China, Taiwan and South Korea: results from a cross-sectional, population-based study
- Ten-Day Quadruple Therapy Comprising Low-Dose Rabeprazole, Bismuth, Amoxicillin, and Tetracycline Is an Effective and Safe First-Line Treatment for Helicobacter pylori Infection in a Population with High Antibiotic Resistance: a Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, Parallel-Controlled Clinical Trial in China
- The Role of the NLR and PLR in Urinary Tract Infection
- Threat of Antimicrobial Resistance among Pilgrims with Infectious Diseases during Hajj: Lessons Learnt from COVID-19 Pandemic
- Leclercia adecarboxylata urinary tract infection in a patient with bladder cancer and recurrent hematuria
- A Case Series of Staphylococcus lugdunensis Infection in Cancer Patients at an Academic Cancer Institute in the United States
Go deeper in Evidence Hub
Evidence Hub adds a study data sheet (design, sample size, evidence level, key numbers), an AI summary and a chat grounded in the paper's text.