Antibacterial Efficacy of Punica granatum Peel Extracts Against MultidrugResistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Clinical Urinary Tract Infections Cases
Abstract
Background: Urinary tract infections caused by multiple drug-resistant (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli represent a serious public health issue worldwide. The reduced effectiveness of traditional antibiotics creates an urgent need to investigate other available types of antimicrobial agents, especially from natural sources. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro antibacterial activity of Punica granatum (pomegranate) peel extracts against clinical E. coli isolates. Methods: Forty-eight (48) E. coli strains were isolated from 150–200 clinical urine samples. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of pomegranate peel were prepared via cold maceration and tested at concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/mL. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the agar well diffusion method. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined using standardized disk diffusion methods. Results: Most bacterial strains had resistance against commonly used antibiotics. They showed 100% resistance to ampicillin (10 μg) and 100% resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (20/10 μg) and were resistant to cefotaxime (30 μg) 55% of the time. The two extracts (called the aqueous and ethanolic extracts) both had concentration dependent antibacterial activity. The aqueous extract inhibited bacterial growth more effectively than the ethanolic extract (10.81 ± 5.14 mm vs 9.54 ± 4.52 mm, respectively) at a concentration of 100 mg/mL; however, 14.5% of…
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