Controlling Biofilms in Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTIS) by Coating Catheter Tubes with Manihot esculenta Crantz Waste Ethanolic Extracts: In Vitro and In Silico Studies
Abstract
Objective: Biofilm-caused catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are of increasing concern due to their severe complications and rising morbidity rates. This underscores the urgent need for alternative antimicrobial agents for effective management. In this study, the ethanolic extract of Manihot esculenta waste was evaluated for its antibacterial, anti-adhesive and antibiofilm activities against two major bacterial pathogens forming biofilms on urinary catheters, viz. Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: The antibacterial activity of the extract was evaluated against E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa using the agar diffusion method, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) was determined through the microdilution method. The phytochemicals were identified using Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibiofilm activities were quantified after extract treatment through the crystal violet assay, and the anti-adhesive property of M. esculenta waste ethanolic extract-coated catheter tube was studied through in vitro bladder model. In silico docking analysis was carried out forcis-13, 16-docasadienoic acid, methyl ester against the important proteins involved in biofilm formation. The antioxidant activity of the extract was investigated using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay and ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging assay. Results: The ethanolic extract of M. esculenta…
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