Variations of Dietary Intake Across Migraine Phases in Adults with Episodic Migraine: A Prospective Observational Pilot Study
Abstract
Background: Migraine is a common and disabling neurological disorder with complex symptoms, which may include eating-related symptoms before, during, and after headache (HA) pain.
Objectives: This study aimed to use a novel case-crossover design to assess dietary intake in temporal relation to migraine attacks.
Methods: Data were collected from 25 people with migraine over a 28 d period, consisting of twice weekly dietary recalls combined with daily HA diaries assessing migraine symptoms. Micro- and macronutrient intakes were assessed, along with dietary quality. Generalized estimating equations assessed relationships between migraine attack phases and day-level dietary intake.
Results: Participants included 23 females and 2 males, with a mean (M) age of 31 ± 12 y and with a mean migraine disability assessment score in the severe range at 28.6 ± 20.2. Vitamin D and choline had the lowest frequencies of participants meeting the Dietary Reference Intakes. During the prodrome phase, the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) component score for total protein foods [M: 4.6; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.4, 4.9], calories from total protein (M: 19.6%; 95% CI: 17.1%, 22.0%), and animal protein (M: 13.4%; 95% CI: 10.8%, 16.1%) were significantly higher than on interictal days [(M: 4.1; 95% CI: 3.9, 4.4), (M: 15.7%; 95% CI: 14.5%, 16.9%), and (M: 9.6%; 95% CI: 8.4%, 10.8%), respectively]. On HA days with mild pain, total HEI scores [(M: 61.9; 95% CI: 53.8, 69.9), total vegetable HEI component…
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