The importance of measuring the levels of ionized magnesium in the blood in critically ill patients
Abstract
Background: Critical illnesses imply vital organ dysfunctions with high risk of imminent death. Magnesium is a bioessential element with multiple physiological effects relevant for vital body functions. It stabilizes excitable membranes contributing to proper neuromuscular, cardiovascular and respiratory functions. Ionized Mg2+ (iMg2+) is free bioactive form of Mg2+ in body fluids. Magnesium disorders in critically ill patients are often overlooked. Chronic Mg2+ deficiency is a condition of growing incidence in the general population and a significant factor in overall morbidity and mortality in critical illness. Main goal of this study was to investigate the existing literature related to determination of iMg2+ in the critically ill and to raise awareness of the problem of chronic Mg2+ deficiency in these patients.
Methods: Search was conducted across electronic PubMed library database from 1975 to November 2024 using keywords concerning iMg2+ and critical care patients, to identify studies investigating the measuring of blood concentration of iMg2+ fraction in patients with critical health conditions. Search was limited to English language. Selection criteria included only studies on human, and excluded studies on animal population.
Results: We identified 95 relevant studies. Reviewed papers show that abnormalities of Mg2+ levels are prevalent in critical illnesses. Their severity can impose vital threat. Disconcordance between total Mg2+ (tMg2+) and iMg2+ blood levels is…
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