Respiratory infections as triggers of acute cardiovascular complications: a case series of new-onset atrial fibrillation and heart failure
Abstract
Respiratory infections, including pneumonia and influenza, are recognised precipitants of cardiovascular events. Systemic inflammation, hypoxemia, and hemodynamic stress may precipitate new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) or acute decompensated heart failure (HF). Early recognition is essential for timely management and prevention.
We conducted a retrospective review of 6 patients admitted under one respiratory physicians from June–Sept, 2025 with primary respiratory infections who subsequently developed new-onset AF or acute HF decompensation. Clinical characteristics, diagnostic investigations, management strategies, and outcomes were extracted from discharge letters.
Case 1: 83/M with community-acquired pneumonia developed new-onset AF with rapid ventricular response, managed with rate control and initiation of anticoagulation.
Case 2: 85/F, Active-smoker, with new oxygen requirement and shortness of breath post left knee replacement. Experienced acute HF decompensation, and new onset AF managed with intravenous diuretics and supplemental oxygenation. Early Cardiology consult was taken and suggested cardiac strain secondary to sepsis.
Case 3: 60/M, heavy smoker with Left lower-lobe pneumonia developed acute pulmonary oedema and AF, requiring long hospital stay, recurrent deterioration, antibiotic escalations and intensive guideline-directed therapy.
Case 4: 88/ M, with Transient Ischemic Stroke but then developed shortness of breath and cough and was treated for RTI…
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