Intravenous Micronutrient Infusion Therapy in Aesthetic and Preventive Medicine: A Narrative Review
Abstract
Background: Intravenous (IV) micronutrient infusions are increasingly offered in aesthetic, preventive and wellness practice, although the evidence base differs markedly by ingredient and indication. Objective: To synthesize the pharmacologic rationale, clinical evidence, safety issues and responsible-practice principles for outpatient IV micronutrient therapy. Methods: Human studies, systematic reviews and safety guidance relevant to IV vitamins, minerals, glutathione and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) were prioritized. Results: The strongest support for parenteral micronutrients concerns documented deficiency, malabsorption, parenteral nutrition and selected acute-care indications. IV vitamin C achieves plasma concentrations unattainable orally, but this pharmacokinetic advantage does not establish benefit for skin rejuvenation, nonspecific fatigue or longevity. Evidence for multinutrient cocktails is limited; IV magnesium may benefit selected acute migraine presentations. Evidence for IV glutathione as a skin-lightening agent is inadequate, and human evidence for IV NAD+ remains preliminary. Major risks include sterility failure, infusion reactions, phlebitis, fluid or electrolyte imbalance, renal complications and inappropriate patient selection. Conclusion: IV micronutrient therapy should be indication-led, consent-based and delivered under standardized medical governance. Marketing claims should not exceed clinical evidence.
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