Physiological role of magnesium in the animal body: biochemical mechanisms and clinical significance
Abstract
Magnesium is one of the most important biologically active elements involved in numerous physiological and metabolic processes in the animal body. The article is devoted to a detailed analysis of the physiological role of magnesium, the mechanisms of its participation in enzymatic reactions, energy metabolism, maintenance of structural stability of cell membranes, and ensuring the integrity and repair of DNA. Particular attention is given to its functions in regulating the activity of the nervous and cardiovascular systems, as well as to the role of magnesium as a physiological antagonist of calcium, which significantly influences the excitability of nerve cells and contraction of muscle fibers. The symptoms and consequences of magnesium deficiency in animals are considered, among which the most critical are disturbances in neuromuscular transmission, muscle fasciculations, convulsions, cardiovascular pathologies such as arrhythmias and hypertension, as well as endocrine disorders. A special focus is given to the analysis of the causes of grass tetany development. The importance of maintaining magnesium balance for the prevention of hypomagnesemia and its negative consequences has been established. In addition, the less common but clinically significant problem of hypermagnesemia is discussed. The factors contributing to its occurrence are highlighted, the most frequent being kidney diseases and uncontrolled use of magnesium-containing drugs and supplements. A separate…
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