Does fructose have a protective role on migraine?—experimental evidence in a rat model of metabolic syndrome under omega-3 supplementation
Abstract
Background: Migraine is a highly disabling disease, for which current therapies are limited to symptom alleviation. There is compelling evidence linking migraine with metabolic disorders, but the causal relationship is not clear. Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties, with clear benefits in metabolic disorders, but its effects on migraine remains to be tested. We hypothesized that fructose-induced metabolic syndrome could aggravate migraine by increasing neuroinflammation and that n-3 treatment could mitigate it. Methods: Male Wistar rats were used. Animals that received 10% high fructose diet (HFD) or tap water were subdivided into two additional groups: with or without n-3 supplementation. Fifteen days before euthanasia, each group was subdivided into two additional groups: with or without nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced migraine. Results: HFD lessened the migraine-like painful symptoms, as indicated by decreased grimace scores, which paralleled with reduced CGRP and leptin serum levels, increased hypothalamic CGRP, and decreased hypothalamic adiponectin and IL-6. There was a recovery of body and adipose tissue weight, besides a reduction of crown-like structures (CLS) in the inguinal adipose tissue. N-3 supplementation had no effect on NTG-related pain, but it decreased body and adipose tissue weight of HFD and tap water NTG-injected rats. N-3 improved NTG-related affective behavior and inflammatory parameters in tap water NTG-injected rats, with…
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