Roles of Laboratory Animal Models in Zoonotic Diseases: A Review on Pathogenesis, Transmission, and Prevention Strategies
Abstract
Emerging zoonotic diseases have become an increasing concern for global health due to the rising incidence of pathogen transmission from animals to humans. The present study aimed to comprehensively synthesize the current knowledge on zoonotic disease outbreaks and transmission, with a specific focus on evaluating the role, applications, advantages, and limitations of laboratory animal models in this field. A peer-reviewed literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2000 and 2026, supplemented by earlier pivotal studies. The current study evaluated a range of models, including conventional, humanized, and transgenic mice, hamsters, ferrets, guinea pigs, rabbits, non-human primates, and emerging alternatives, focusing on their utility, strengths, and drawbacks for studying host-pathogen interactions, immune responses, tissue tropism, and disease progression. The present study underscored the importance of animal models in the preclinical assessment of antiviral agents, vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and innovative therapeutic strategies. Recent outbreaks caused by pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2, Nipah virus, H5N1 influenza virus, Mpox virus, Ebola virus, Marburg virus, hantavirus, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus have highlighted the urgent necessity to enhance comprehension of zoonotic disease emergence and transmission. The current challenges included species-specific differences, translational…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a review, done in animal, not in people. Its evidence level is 5 of 5 (Very low · case / narrative / animal / in vitro / in silico). Case reports, narrative reviews, and animal, cell or computer-model studies give the weakest evidence for human health.
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