The Role of Melatonin in Addressing Sleep Problems in Children with ADHD: A Narrative Review
Abstract
Aim and Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children, often associated with sleep problems that exacerbate symptoms and negatively impact daily functioning and quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the role of melatonin in improving sleep problems among children with ADHD. Methods and Materials: This narrative review analyzed studies on melatonin's efficacy for ADHD-related sleep disturbances. A systematic search was conducted in databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using keywords such as "melatonin," "ADHD," "sleep disorders," and "insomnia." Out of 117 identified articles, 9 studies meeting inclusion criteria (experimental or quasi-experimental design focusing on children with ADHD) were reviewed. Findings: The reviewed studies demonstrated that melatonin significantly reduced sleep onset latency, improved sleep quality, and extended sleep duration in children with ADHD. Its use was particularly beneficial for addressing sleep issues caused by stimulant medications like methylphenidate. Adverse effects were mild and transient, confirming melatonin's safety. The findings also highlighted the importance of integrating melatonin treatment with behavioral strategies, such as sleep hygiene. Conclusions: Melatonin is an effective and safe option for managing sleep problems in children with ADHD. While short-term benefits are well-documented, further research is required…
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