Effects of Hatha Yoga vs Physical Conditioning on Sleep in Women With Urinary Incontinence: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Abstract
Importance: Yoga, an integrative health practice combining movement and mindfulness, has been recommended to improve sleep in adults with chronic conditions, but it is unclear whether it offers unique benefits for sleep compared with nonspecific exercise.
Objective: To compare the effects of a yoga intervention vs a nonspecific physical conditioning intervention on sleep outcomes in women with urinary incontinence.
Design, setting, and participants: This prespecified secondary analysis of a multicenter, investigator-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted from 2018 to 2022, with 3 months of intervention follow-up, at 3 sites in Northern California. Interventions were delivered in person and via videoconference after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Women aged 45 to 90 years with daily incontinence were included. Data were analyzed from June to September 2024.
Interventions: Random assignment to a 3-month yoga intervention involving twice-weekly instruction and once-weekly self-directed practice of hatha yoga techniques vs a time-equivalent physical conditioning intervention.
Main outcomes and measures: Sleep quality and disruption were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Diary. Nocturnal incontinence and voiding frequency were evaluated using voiding diaries.
Results: Among 240 participants (mean [SD] age, 62.0 [8.7] years; 40 Asian [21.1%], 19 Black [7.9%], 160 White [66.7%], and 20 >1 race [8.3%]; 32 Latina [13.3%]), 133…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a secondary / pooled analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 3 of 5 (Moderate · trial / cohort / secondary analysis). Trials without a large randomized design, cohorts and secondary analyses give moderate evidence. Reported size: 240 participants or records.
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