Impact of evening blue light exposure timing on sleep, motor, and cognitive performance in young athletes with intermediate chronotype
Abstract
Evening exposure to blue light has been shown to negatively affect sleep patterns and cognitive function. However, the effect of the specific timing of blue light exposure on motor performance and sleep quality in adolescent athletes remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of evening blue light exposure (BLE) timing on sleep quality, motor performance, and cognitive function in young athletes with intermediate chronotypes. Sixteen male adolescent athletes (age: 15.11 ± 0.92 years, body height: 168.25 ± 7.09 cm, body-mass: 59.49 ± 5.63 kg) participated in a randomized, crossover study with four conditions: BLE from (i) 7: 30-9: 00 PM, (ii) 9: 00-10: 30 PM, (iii) 10: 30 PM-12: 00 AM, and (iv) control (no BLE). Sleep quality and quantity were evaluated using the Spiegel and Vis-Morgen questionnaires. Selective attention was assessed using the Bells Test, while motor function was tested by dart-throwing accuracy and movement duration. ANOVA indicated substantial main effects of BLE timing on sleep metrics, motor performance, and cognitive function. Total sleep duration was markedly shorter in the 9: 00-10: 30 PM and 10: 30 PM-12: 00 AM conditions relative to the control (p < 0.001, d = 0.54 [medium] and d = 0.87 [large], respectively) and the 7: 30-9: 00 PM condition (p < 0.05, d = 0.28 [small] and p < 0.001, d = 0.56 [medium], respectively). Dart-throwing accuracy was significantly lower in the 9: 00-10: 30 PM and 10: 30 PM-12: 00 AM conditions versus the…
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