Nocturnal enuresis in children: an analysis of etiological factors and treatment effectiveness (a pilot study)
Abstract
Background. Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is a common pediatric disorder that significantly affects emotional well-being and family quality of life. Despite its high prevalence, the pathogenesis of NE remains incompletely understood. Growing evidence indicates that NE is not solely a urological issue but rather a multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder involving cortical immaturity, sleep-arousal dysfunction, and altered neurohormonal regulation. Aim. To identify neurophysiological and psychosocial contributors to nocturnal enuresis and to assess the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. Methods. A prospective longitudinal pilot study was conducted at Alfraganus University Hospital (Tashkent, Uzbekistan) between June 2024 and February 2025, involving 47 children aged 5–15 years (mean age 9.6 ± 2.1 years) diagnosed with NE. Clinical, neurological, and psychological assessments were performed, including electroencephalography (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA). Serum vitamin D and vitamin B12 levels were measured. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 25, applying the t-test, chi-square test, and Pearson correlation analysis. Treatment consisted of desmopressin for primary NE (administered for one month) and nootropic and anticholinergic therapy for secondary NE (administered for two months), followed by EEG monitoring. Desmopressin was administered at bedtime with evening fluid restriction, and treatment…
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