Sleep Quality in a Case-control Subset of Trisomy 21 and Typically Developing Children in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Abstract
AIM
To identify sleep-domains as well as clinical features in children with trisomy 21 that may shed light on a possible sleep disturbance as compared with typically developing (TD) age-matched-controls.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A convenient sample of 100 Saudi Arabian children between the ages of 3-12 were invited to participate from several schools and centers in Riyadh during February 2018 to April 2018. Fifty of these children had trisomy 21, and 50 were TD age-matched-controls. A clinical examination of participants' oral characteristics as well as the Wisconsin's 22 item Children's Sleep Habit Questionnaire (CSHQ) were utilized to help identify the impact of these variables on sleep quality.
RESULTS
Sleep domains that harbored strong evidence in differences between the two groups were sleep anxiety, parasomnia, and sleep-disordered-breathing. The clinical features unique to trisomy 21 were Mallampati score, macroglossia, lip-incompetence, tongue-ridging, and wear-facets.
CONCLUSION
Clinical features and sleep quality coexist, providing better insight into the degree of sleep disturbance a child with trisomy 21 may have.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Dental clinicians must consider such factors that preclude to poor sleep, which might place children with trisomy 21 at a further disadvantage despite the fact that their baseline is already at risk of being at such a stage.
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a case-control, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 100 participants or records.
Read the paper
Related studies
- Tryptophan Metabolism and Gut-Brain Homeostasis
- Rationale for a Multi-Factorial Approach for the Reversal of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease and MCI: A Review
- Prioritized Research for the Prevention, Treatment, and Reversal of Chronic Disease: Recommendations From the Lifestyle Medicine Research Summit
- Relationship between sleep disorders and gut dysbiosis: what affects what?
- The role of CLOCK gene in psychiatric disorders: Evidence from human and animal research
- Genetic, Transcriptome, Proteomic, and Epidemiological Evidence for Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and Polymicrobial Brain Invasion as Determinant Factors in Alzheimer’s Disease
Go deeper in Evidence Hub
Evidence Hub adds a study data sheet (design, sample size, evidence level, key numbers), an AI summary and a chat grounded in the paper's text.