Melatonin Use as a Dietary Supplement: A Narrative Review of Efficacy and Risks
Abstract
Melatonin is a widely used sleep aid known for its role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle.This study investigates the effects of melatonin supplementation on sleep quality and latency across diverse populations.Furthermore, it examines potential side effects, including hormonal fluctuations and circadian rhythm disruptions, while addressing concerns regarding the unregulated availability of melatonin in the South Korean market.A comprehensive review of randomized controlled trials and observational studies was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of melatonin across different dosages and durations.Reports on adverse effects, hormonal changes, and regulatory challenges were also analyzed.The findings indicate that melatonin significantly improves sleep quality and reduces sleep latency, with low doses (0.5-2 mg) proving sufficient for therapeutic benefits.Higher doses did not enhance efficacy and were associated with minor side effects such as daytime drowsiness, dizziness, and gastrointestinal discomfort.Although melatonin can transiently suppress reproductive hormones, including follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and estradiol, current evidence suggests no significant long-term endocrine disruptions in healthy individuals.
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