The Gut Microbiota and Associated Metabolites Are Altered in Sleep Disorder of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Abstract
Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the alteration of gut microbiota and its metabolites and correlation with core symptom in sleep problems of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Methods: One hundred and twenty children with ASD diagnosed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria were enrolled in our study. The Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) were used to assess the symptoms, and the Children Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) was evaluated sleep problems in children with ASD. The 120 children were divided into sleep disorder group (n=60) and non sleep disorder group (n=60) according to the standard of CSHQ. Illumina MiSeq for 16S rRNA genes was detected to compare the differences in gut microbiota and metabolomics was analyzed the metabolites of gut microbiota. Results: The SRS and CARS scores of the sleep disorder group were significantly higher than those of the non sleep disorder group (P<0.05). The abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria Faecalibacterium and Agathobacter were reduced significantly in sleep disorder group (P<0.05), which abundances were negatively related with CSHQ scores (P=0.007, P=0.014), and the abundance of Agathobacter was also negatively associated with the Language score in ABC (P=0.044). Furthermore, the levels of 3-Hydroxybutyric acid and melatonin were significantly lower (P<0.05) and the serotonin level…
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