Mode and Mechanism of Action of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Chronic Diseases
Abstract
Simple Summary This study examines the roles of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative conditions, and depression. Omega-3 PUFAs, primarily sourced from fatty fish, demonstrate protective effects by reducing inflammation, improving metabolic function, and lowering disease risk. They enhance cardiovascular health, mitigate insulin resistance, suppress tumor growth, and alleviate neuroinflammatory and depressive symptoms. Conversely, omega-6 PUFAs, prevalent in vegetable oils, are essential but may exacerbate inflammation when consumed excessively. The research underscores the critical balance between omega-6 and omega-3 intake, as their ratio significantly influences disease outcomes. Additionally, omega-3 PUFAs improve skin barrier integrity and reduce acne-related inflammation. By advocating dietary adjustments—such as prioritizing fish and minimizing processed oils—this work provides actionable insights to optimize PUFA intake, reduce chronic disease burdens, and advance public health. These findings bridge scientific evidence with practical dietary strategies, offering scalable solutions for global health improvement and healthcare cost reduction.
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