Preventing Cognitive Decline in Late-Life Depression: A Longitudinal Study on the Efficacy of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Older Adults in Palembang, Indonesia
Abstract
Introduction: Late-life depression (LLD) is a prevalent condition in older adults and a significant risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia. In Indonesia, with its aging population and specific dietary patterns, understanding interventions for LLD-associated cognitive impairment is crucial. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) offer potential neuroprotective benefits. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of long-term omega-3 PUFA supplementation in mitigating cognitive decline among older adults with LLD in Palembang, Indonesia.
Methods: This 24-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in Palembang. Three hundred sixty older adults (aged ≥60 years) with a current DSM-5 diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and subjective cognitive complaints were randomized (1:1) to receive either daily oral supplementation of 2.2 grams of omega-3 PUFAs (containing 1320 mg eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and 880 mg docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) or a matched placebo (corn oil). The primary outcome was the change in the Indonesian version of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog-INA) score over 24 months. Secondary outcomes included changes in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Indonesian version (MoCA-INA), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), and high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP).
Results: Over 24 months,…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a randomized trial, done in people. Its evidence level is 2 of 5 (High · randomized trial). Randomized trials of a reasonable size are the strongest single-study design.
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