Impact of lifestyle factors and dietary patterns on serum uric acid levels and disease activity in gout: a systematic review
Abstract
Background: Gout is a common type of inflammatory arthritis caused by monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition in the joints. This leads to pain, swelling, and restricted motion. Although pharmacological treatments are effective, lifestyle and dietary factors play crucial roles in managing gout and its flares.
Aim: This systematic review aimed to assess the effect of lifestyle factors, physical activity, and dietary patterns on serum uric acid levels and gout activity.
Methods: A search of PubMed, BMJ journals, and Google Scholar identified eight studies (five prospective cohort studies, two case-cross-over studies, and one randomized controlled trial), involving 47,879 participants (predominantly males [78.5-95.3%], aged 55-66 years). Eligible studies focused on adults with gout and examined the lifestyle or dietary factors affecting uric acid levels or gout activity. The review followed a pre-specified protocol (PROSPERO registration CRD42024594359). To optimize the quality, the bias risk was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational studies and the Cochrane Risk of Bias 1.0 tool for randomized controlled trials.
Results: The findings suggest that consuming polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich fish, regular physical activity, and increased vegetable intake may reduce gout flares. Conversely, high purine intake (especially animal sources), excessive alcohol consumption, and obesity are risk factors for gout exacerbation. Some studies have reported reduced…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a systematic review, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 47,879 participants or records.
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