Effects of Sildenafil administration on placentome dynamics, uterine and umbilical blood flow patterns in relation to nitric oxide and vascular endothelial growth factor in advanced pregnant Hegazi goats
Abstract
Sildenafil is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDE-5) that elevates both vascular development and blood flow of a known artery of interest, with an unclear mechanism of action. Therefore, this current study aimed, for the first time, to determine the effects of injection of sildenafil on placentome hemodynamics, echotexture, uterine and umbilical Doppler indices, and blood flow volume with respect to nitric oxide and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in advanced pregnant goats. Animals were classified into daily subcutaneous injection of sildenafil citrate (n = 8; 5 mg/kg; treated) and 0.9% saline injected doe (n = 8; control). The examination period was from day 100 until day 150 every five days, with a short time determination period in hours (-1, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24). Animals were subjected to ultrasonographic scanning and blood sampling. Placentome areas were increased (P = 0.03) in the treated group at days 120-130 of pregnancy, with an elevation (P = 0.03) of the placentome total colored area from day 110 until day 150, combined with a decline of both echotexture parameters in the treated group. Sildenafil did not affect the uterine and umbilical arterial diameters; however, there was an increase (P = 0.03) in blood flow volume in both arteries, along with a significant decrease (P = 0.03) in both Doppler indices in the treated group. Both days and hours were significantly influenced by sildenafil, as the treated group showed an elevation (P = 0.01) in…
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