Investigation of Contrast-Induced Neurotoxicity and the Effects of Sildenafil and N-Acetylcysteine on HIF-1α Levels in Wistar Rats
Abstract
Highlights What are the main findings? Contrast media administration induced a significant increase in HIF-1α immunoreactivity in a rat model of contrast-induced neurotoxicity. The primary biochemical endpoint (tissue HIF-1α by ELISA) did not reach statistical significance across groups. Secondary IHC analysis suggests a potential attenuation of HIF-1α expression in the sildenafil-treated group, warranting confirmation in adequately powered studies. What are the implications of the main findings? HIF-1α immunoreactivity may serve as a potential biomarker for identifying contrast-induced neural injury, pending further validation. These preliminary findings support further investigation of PDE5 inhibitors as candidate neuroprotective agents in contrast-induced encephalopathy. Abstract Background: Contrast-induced encephalopathy (CIE) is an uncommon yet clinically significant complication associated with iodinated contrast media, with its mechanisms remaining unclear. Objective: The aims of this study are to examine the neurotoxic effects of contrast media and assess the neuroprotective roles of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) and sildenafil with regard to HIF-1α expression. Methods: Thirty-six female Wistar albino rats (n = 36) were allocated into four experimental groups (n = 9 each): control, contrast media + saline (CMA + Saline), contrast media + NAC (CMA + NAC), and contrast media + sildenafil (CMA + Sildenafil). NAC (150 mg/kg) and sildenafil (50 mg/kg/day) were administered…
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